Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers
Student Assignments 2: page 42
lecture : Tri Djoko Wahjono, Ir, M.Sc
Why
Is Computer Literacy Vital in Today’s World?
Computer literacy is important and essential in today's world as much
of the world relies on computers for doing the day-to-day activities. Computer
literacy is the knowledge and the ability to use the computers and technology
efficiently. The goal of every computer literate person is to be able to use
and learn the computer programs without much help. As computers become more a
part of everyday life, many people believe that computer literacy is vital to
success.
What
Is a Computer, and What Is the Relationship between Data and Information?
A computer is an electronic device,
operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory, that can
accept data, process the data according to specified rules, produce results,
and store the results for future use. The relationship that lies between
data and information is a solid one. Data is termed as raw facts such as phone
numbers or addresses, while on the other hand information is the actual
organization of these raw facts in a meaningful manner. This information may be
in the form of a well-organized report or table and but not always be
meaningful to everyone. Data is a
collection of unprocessed items, which can include text, numbers, images,
audio, and video. Information conveys meaning and is useful to people.
List and Describe the Five Components of a
Computer.
Computer
hardware components include input devices, output devices, a system unit,
storage devices, and communications devices. An input device is any hardware
component that allows a user to enter data and instructions into a computer.
Six commonly used input devices are the keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner,
digital camera, and PC camera. An output device is any hardware component that can
convey information to a user. Three commonly used output devices are a printer,
a monitor, and speakers. The system unit is a box-like case made from metal or
plastic that protects the internal electronic components of the computer from
damage. The system unit contains the central processing unit and memory. The
central processing unit (CPU) is the electronic device that interprets and
carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer. Memory is a
temporary holding place for data and instructions. A storage device records and
retrieves data to and from a storage medium. Six common storage devices are a
floppy disk drive, a hard disk drive, a CD-ROM drive, a CD-RW
drive, a DVD-ROM drive, and a DVD+RW drive. A communications device enables
computer users to communicate and exchange items such as data, instructions,
and information with another computer. A modem is a communications device that
enables computers to communicate usually via telephone lines or cable.
What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages
That Users Experience When Working with Computers?
Advantage:
1. Get
many knowledge
2. Convenience
3. Teaches
important new skills
4. Connects
with the rest of the world through the Internet
5.
Useful
Disadvantage:
1. Spoil
eye sight if look on the monitor to much
2. Tends
to cut the child off from people around him, as he stays busy with the computer
3. Expensive
to buy a computer
4. If
spoil have to go repair
5. Porn
stuff
6.
Ruined your life
What
Is a Network, and What Are Its Benefits?
A network consists of two or more computers
that are linked in order to share resources (such as printers and CD-ROMs),
exchange files, or allow electronic communications. The computers on a network
may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared
light beams.
The benefits of using a network
1. Speed. Sharing and transferring files within Networks are very rapid
2. Cost. Individually licensed copies of many popular software programs can be
costly
3. Security. Sensitive files and programs on a network are passwords protected
(established for specific directories to restrict access to authorized users)
or designated as "copy inhibit," so that you do not have to worry about
illegal copying of programs
4. Centralized Software Management. Software can be loaded on one
computer (the file server) eliminating that need to spend time and energy
installing updates and tracking files on independent computers throughout the
building
5. Resource Sharing. Resources such as, printers, fax machines
and modems can be shared
6. Flexible Access. Access their files from computers
throughout the firm.
7. Workgroup Computing. Workgroup software (such as Microsoft
BackOffice) allows many users to work on a document or project concurrently
How Are the Internet and World Wide Web Used?
The
Internet is a massive network of networks, a networking infrastructure. It
connects millions of computers together globally, forming a network in which
any computer can communicate with any other computer as long as they are both
connected to the Internet. As the Internet has grown, it has developed into a
multifaceted tool with a vast range of uses. It's now easy to keep in touch
with friends, publish your own articles, or even watch your favorite TV shows
using the Internet.
The World Wide
Web, or simply Web, is a way of accessing information over the medium of the
Internet. It is an information-sharing model that is built on top of the
Internet. The Web uses the HTTP protocol, only one of the languages spoken over
the Internet, to transmit data. The Web also utilizes browsers, such as
Internet Explorer or Firefox, to access Web documents called Web pages that are
linked to each other via hyperlinks. The Web is used widely throughout the
world for work, play, research, chat, socializing and millions of different
other things.
What
Is the Difference between System Software and Application Software?
The Difference between system
software and application software is that, system software can run
independently of the application software, while application software cannot
run without the presence of the system software. System software gets installed
when the operating system is installed on the computer, while application
software is installed according to the requirements of the user.
What Are the
Differences among the Types, Sizes, and Functions in the Following Categories:
Personal Computers (Desktop), Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices, Game
Consoles, Servers, Mainframes, Super- computers, and Embedded Computers?
1.
A personal computer is a computer that can perform
all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself. A
personal computer contains a processor, memory, and one or more input, output,
and storage devices. Personal computers also often contain a communications
device
2.
A mobile computer is a personal computer you can
carry from place to place
3.
A mobile device is a computing device small
enough to hold in your hand
4.
A game console is a mobile computing device
designed for single-player or multi- player video games
5.
A server controls access to the hardware,
software, and other resources on a network and provides a centralized storage
area for programs, data, and information. Servers can support from two to
several thousand connected computers at the same time
6.
A mainframe is a large, expensive,
powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thou- sands of connected users
simultaneously. Mainframes store tremendous amounts of data, instructions, and
information
7.
A
supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful computer — and the most expensive
(Figure 1-27). The fastest supercomputers are capable of processing more than
one quadrillion instructions in a single second
8.
An
embedded computer is a special-purpose computer that functions as a component
in a larger product. Embedded computers are every- where — at home, in your
car, and at work.
What Is the Role
of Each Element in an Information System?
1.
Hardware.
Hardware refers to the computers themselves, along with any and all
peripherals, including servers, routers, monitors, printers and storage
devices.
2.
Software.
Without software, the hardware wouldn't be very useful. It gathers, organizes
and manipulates data and carries out instructions. Everything you do using a
computer is done by the software.
3.
Data.
Data, or information, is the third element of a CBIS. Just as hardware cannot
function without software, software cannot function without data. This is the
information part of an information system, and whether that is statistical
data, sets of instructions, lists of names or even graphics and animations, it
is all key to a CBIS.
4.
Procedures.
Procedures are the rules, descriptions and instructions for how things are
done. In computer-based information systems, procedures are frequently covered
in instruction or user manuals that describe how to use the hardware, software
and data.
5.
People.
People are the most often overlooked and most important part of a
computer-based information system. It is people who design and operate the
software, input the data, build the hardware and keep it running, write the
procedures and it is ultimately people who determine the success or failure of
a CBIS.
6.
Communication.
This is, in part, because parts of it are covered under hardware. The
components that allow one computer to communicate with another are hardware and
are controlled by software. If communication between people is included in this
element, though, it is an important element.
How Do the Various
Types of Computer Users Interact with Computers?
Computer users can be divided into five categories: home
user, small office/home office users, mobile users, large business users, and
power users. A home user spends time on the computer for personal and business
communications, budgeting and personal financial management, entertainment, and
Web access. A small office/home office (SOHO) user includes any company with
fewer than 50 employees, as well as self-employed people that work out of their
home. A mobile user travels to and from a main office or school to conduct
business, communicate, or do homework. A large business user works for a
company that has a large number of employees and computers usually connected to
a network. The power user – such as an engineer, architect, or desktop
publisher – typically works with multimedia, which combines several media
elements into one application, and requires the capabilities of a workstation
or other powerful computer.
How Does Society
Use Computers in Education, Finance, Government, Health Care, Science,
Publishing, Travel, and Manufacturing?
1.
Education
is the process of acquiring knowledge. In traditional method, they use model
such as people to learn something. They also learn from parents, teachers and
employers. But, nowadays many forms of printed material can be use to learn
such as book and manuals for learning tools. Today, educations also use
computer to assist with education. For example, many school use computer to
access network of Internet. That society also use computer to connect or share
note. They also can attend class without go to school
2.
Finance.
Many companies use computer to help manage their finance. For example, they use
finance software to check balance of check books, pay bills and manage
investment, That software will include variety of online services such as we
can do online banking without go to bank. The advantages of that service are we
can access financial record everywhere
3.
Publishing
is the process of making works available to the public. It include publish the
book, magazine, film and many more. The special software is use by graphic
designer in developing the pages that include text, graphic and photos. Usually
they use web allow to complete the work such a music to your desktop. Then, the
publishers make their works available through online
4.
The
travel societies also use computer navigation system to arrive safely. For
example buses. They use this system to make sure that all the safety of
passengers is safe. Airplanes also use this system to check the condition of
weather. Nowadays, many travel society us Internet to make the purchasing of
ticket is easy. So that, the customers can buy the tickets at anytime they
want. The most important advantages are the computer can print out the web for
the traveler especially for the pilot. They need this map to make sure the
travel is safely
5. Government
offices have Web sites to provide citizens with up-to-date information, and
government employees use computers as part of their daily routines.
6.
In
health care, computers are used to maintain patient records, monitor patients,
deliver medication to nurse stations via robots, assist with medical tests and
research, correspond with patients, file insurance claims, provide greater
precision during operations, and as implants
7. Manufacturers use computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) to assist with manufacturing processes
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